Metformin is a widely prescribed oral medication used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. It improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver glucose production, and decreases intestinal glucose absorption. Doctors often recommend it as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. Metformin is available in immediate-release and extended-release forms (mayoclinic.org, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Key Benefits & Uses

• Controls Blood Sugar: Metformin lowers blood glucose levels when combined with diet and exercise.

• Supports Weight Management: Unlike some diabetes medications, metformin usually does not cause weight gain.

• Reduces Cardiovascular Risk: Studies suggest metformin may lower the risk of heart problems in type 2 diabetes patients (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

• Off-Label Benefits: Doctors sometimes prescribe it for conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity management (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

How to Use

Take metformin orally with meals to reduce stomach upset. Doctors typically start patients at 500 mg once or twice daily. Then, they gradually increase the dose up to 2,550 mg daily as needed (fda.gov). Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully to ensure safe and effective use.

Important Safety Information

• Kidney Function: Avoid metformin if you have severe kidney problems because it increases the risk of lactic acidosis (fda.gov).

• Liver Disease: Use caution in patients with liver conditions.

• Alcohol: Limit alcohol intake as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.

• Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Consult your doctor before taking metformin during pregnancy or breastfeeding (mayoclinic.org).

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Some people experience nausea, diarrhea, or stomach discomfort.

• Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Long-term use may reduce vitamin B12 levels (healthline.com).

• Lactic Acidosis: Although rare, this serious condition requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include muscle pain, fatigue, and difficulty breathing.

Why Choose Metformin

Metformin offers a cost-effective and well-researched solution for type 2 diabetes. Its dual action on insulin sensitivity and glucose production makes it a cornerstone in diabetes management. Furthermore, multiple clinical studies and guidelines support its safety and effectiveness, making it a reliable choice for patients worldwide (who.int).